DoctorsProofNPPES directory · verify at state boards

Cardiovascular Disease in Richmond, VA

73 verified cardiovascular disease doctors in Richmond. Page 1 of 2.

Cardiologists diagnose and treat conditions of the heart and blood vessels, including heart disease, arrhythmias, and heart failure.

NPPES tenure ≠ clinical experience. "Years on NPPES" is time since the physician first registered a National Provider Identifier, not time practicing medicine. Verify current license status with the state medical board.

Verify a license at the Virginia Board of Medicine

Dr. Gary Zeevi, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

21 yrs NPPES
NPI 1730183484
5875 BREMO RD, MOB SOUTH, SUITE G-5, Richmond, VA 23226(804) 287-7840
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Inna Tchoukina, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

21 yrs NPPES
NPI 1306845664
1250 E MARSHALL ST, IM: CARD: CHF-TRANSPLANT, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-9989
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $269.36 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$269.36

Total received

2

Transactions

1

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Abbott Laboratories$269.36

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 56th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Inna Tchoukina do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Agha Haider, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

21 yrs NPPES
NPI 1033105408
909 HIOAKS RD, SUITE E, Richmond, VA 23225(804) 269-5112
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $564.41 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$564.41

Total received

15

Transactions

10

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc$217.66
Pharming Healthcare, Inc.$124.74
Boston Scientific Corporation$57.52
Amgen Inc.$42.20
NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION$35.34
Abbott Laboratories$24.83

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 65th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Agha Haider do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. William Hundley, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

21 yrs NPPES
NPI 1194700484
417 N 11TH ST, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 628-4327
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Michael Kelly, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1083685523
1510 N 28TH ST, SUITE 205, Richmond, VA 23223(804) 545-2304
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. John Onufer, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1023084100
7611 FOREST AVE STE 100, Richmond, VA 23229(804) 288-4827
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $1,098 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$1,098

Total received

39

Transactions

16

Paying companies

Top paying companies

NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION$178.35
Abbott Laboratories$169.03
Medtronic, Inc.$150.50
Edwards Lifesciences Corporation$141.25
Boston Scientific Corporation$81.84
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$71.07

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 75th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to John Onufer do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Bruce Ward, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1306815105
505 W LEIGH ST, SUITE 205, Richmond, VA 23220(804) 788-0004
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. K.L. Kumar, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1407804347
1250 E MARSHALL ST, INTERNAL MEDICINE, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 526-0682
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Satish Pathak, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1811947369
1250 E MARSHALL ST, DEPT. OF IM-CARDIOLOGY, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 526-0682
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Beverly Spencer, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1346291556
1250 E MARSHALL ST, DEPT. OF IM-CARDIOLOGY, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 526-0682
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Brian Lentz, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1770535163
7101 JAHNKE RD, SUITE 550, Richmond, VA 23225(804) 560-8880
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $458.64 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$458.64

Total received

6

Transactions

5

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Boston Scientific Corporation$137.42
Vital Connect, Inc$117.16
ShockWave Medical, Inc$98.74
ABIOMED$88.83
Teleflex LLC$16.49

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 62th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Brian Lentz do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. George Eapen, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1508818048
1250 E MARSHALL ST, INTERNAL MEDICINE, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 526-0682
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Pramod Mohanty, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1962457846
1250 E MARSHALL ST, 1201 BROAD ROCK BLVD, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 675-5444
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Neil Lewis, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1679520688
MCGUIRE VAMC, 1201 BROAD ROCK BLVD, Richmond, VA 23249(804) 675-5000
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· $121.95 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$121.95

Total received

1

Transactions

1

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.$121.95

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 47th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Neil Lewis do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Carolyn Burns, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1063453801
9000 STONY POINT PKWY, Richmond, VA 23235(804) 560-8920
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $1,032 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$1,032

Total received

4

Transactions

2

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Amgen Inc.$937.05
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$95.33

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 74th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Carolyn Burns do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. William Coble, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1639111222
8700 STONY POINT PKWY STE 120, Richmond, VA 23235(804) 323-5011
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $1,068 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$1,068

Total received

50

Transactions

18

Paying companies

Top paying companies

NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION$167.68
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP$136.06
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc$122.22
Boston Scientific Corporation$116.32
Amgen Inc.$112.63
Pfizer Inc.$97.89

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 74th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to William Coble do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Andreas Prinz, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1699701300
1201 BROAD ROCK BLVD, Richmond, VA 23249(804) 675-5000
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Michael Arcarese, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1164452363
7101 JAHNKE RD STE 550, Richmond, VA 23225(804) 560-8880
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $1,693 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$1,693

Total received

87

Transactions

21

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Medtronic, Inc.$243.94
Amgen Inc.$174.42
Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc.$159.88
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$112.49
Novo Nordisk Inc$111.19
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP$102.24

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 80th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Michael Arcarese do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Karoly Kaszala, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1457383853
1201 BROAD ROCK BLVD, MEDICAL SERVICE (111J3), Richmond, VA 23249(804) 675-5466
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· $3,790 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$3,790

Total received

15

Transactions

4

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Adagio Medical, Inc.$2,448
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.$1,048
Medtronic, Inc.$170.41
Abbott Laboratories$122.69

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 87th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Karoly Kaszala do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Vipal Sabharwal, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1124051628
7001 FOREST AVE, SUITE 200, Richmond, VA 23230(804) 288-3123
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $391.57 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$391.57

Total received

19

Transactions

10

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Abbott Laboratories$78.60
Amgen Inc.$64.83
Boston Scientific Corporation$58.23
Novo Nordisk Inc$50.84
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.$40.79
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP$28.12

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 60th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Vipal Sabharwal do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. John Digrazia, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1376578765
7401 BEAUFONT SPRINGS DR, SUITE 100, Richmond, VA 23225(804) 323-5011
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Charles Nelson, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1639194913
7001 FOREST AVE, SUITE 200, Richmond, VA 23230(804) 288-3123
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $47.27 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$47.27

Total received

3

Transactions

2

Paying companies

Top paying companies

E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.$28.09
Vital Connect, Inc$19.18

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 41th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Charles Nelson do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Anthony Minisi, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1417976218
1201 BROAD ROCK BLVD., MCGUIRE V.A. MEDICAL CENTER, Richmond, VA 23249(804) 675-5614
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Robert Sperry, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1962421040
7611 FOREST AVE, SUITE 100, Richmond, VA 23229(804) 288-4827
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· $95.07 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$95.07

Total received

4

Transactions

1

Paying companies

Top paying companies

AbbVie Inc.$95.07

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 45th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Robert Sperry do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. John Fitzgerald, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1932129988
5875 BREMO RD, SUITE 505, Richmond, VA 23226(804) 282-2685
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Michael Erwin, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1710907878
7611 FOREST AVE STE 100A, Richmond, VA 23229(804) 288-4827
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $458.04 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$458.04

Total received

23

Transactions

16

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Amgen Inc.$64.56
Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc.$56.20
Novo Nordisk Inc$39.16
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc$29.34
NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION$27.27
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$26.77

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 62th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Michael Erwin do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. C Jennings, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1750302337
8700 STONY POINT PKWY STE 120, Richmond, VA 23235(804) 323-5011
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Charles Joyner, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1609897206
8700 STONY POINT PKWY STE 120, Richmond, VA 23235(804) 323-5011
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $6,514 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$6,514

Total received

37

Transactions

16

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Boston Scientific Corporation$5,443
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc$300.00
Medtronic, Inc.$164.19
Abbott Laboratories$139.71
Philips North America LLC$125.00
CARDIVA MEDICAL, INC.$82.10

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Charles Joyner do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Steven Vranian, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1063434090
7611 FOREST AVE, SUITE 100, Richmond, VA 23229(804) 288-4827
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $1,162 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$1,162

Total received

46

Transactions

21

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Boston Scientific Corporation$214.81
NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION$190.64
ShockWave Medical, Inc$157.05
Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc.$110.35
Amgen Inc.$70.73
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)$56.35

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 75th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Steven Vranian do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Yvonne Weaver, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1053334094
7401 BEAUFONT SPRINGS DR, SUITE 100, Richmond, VA 23225(804) 323-5011
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Michael Wittkamp, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1154334241
7001 FOREST AVE STE 200, Richmond, VA 23230(804) 288-3123
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $675.90 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$675.90

Total received

20

Transactions

13

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Edwards Lifesciences Corporation$141.25
ABIOMED$132.32
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)$131.14
Medtronic, Inc.$62.11
Boston Scientific Corporation$58.23
Kestra Medical Technology Services, Inc.$24.62

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 68th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Michael Wittkamp do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Guatham Kalahasty, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1467552679
1250 E MARSHALL ST, INTERNAL MEDICINE/CARDIOLOGY, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-7565
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $30,049 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$30,049

Total received

30

Transactions

6

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Medtronic, Inc.$29,790
Abbott Laboratories$90.25
Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc.$67.91
Biosense Webster, Inc.$57.27
Ethicon US, LLC$23.42
Boston Scientific Corporation$20.06

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 94% of that group — among the highest recipients.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Guatham Kalahasty do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Kenneth Ellenbogen, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1508966706
1250 E MARSHALL ST, INTERNAL MEDICINE/CARDIOLOGY, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-7565
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $154,588 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$154,588

Total received

117

Transactions

10

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Boston Scientific Corporation$67,921
Medtronic, Inc.$48,700
Biosense Webster, Inc.$27,436
GE HealthCare$3,600
Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc.$2,684
Medical Device Business Services, Inc.$2,500

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 98% of that group — among the highest recipients.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Kenneth Ellenbogen do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Evelyne Goudreau, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1013007657
1250 E MARSHALL ST, INTERNAL MEDICINE, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-9025
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Jose Huizar, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1063594935
1201 BROAD ROCK BLVD, (652/111J3), Richmond, VA 23249(804) 675-5466
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $66.73 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$66.73

Total received

1

Transactions

1

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Medtronic, Inc.$66.73

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 43th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Jose Huizar do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Melissa Smallfield, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1043394240
1250 E MARSHALL STREET, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-7626
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $712.95 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$712.95

Total received

9

Transactions

6

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Abbott Laboratories$311.76
Boston Scientific Corporation$138.38
Medtronic, Inc.$124.58
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.$75.33
United Therapeutics Corporation$45.87
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$17.03

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 68th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Melissa Smallfield do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Jordana Kron, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1952473076
1250 E MARSHALL ST, INTERNAL MEDICINE, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-7565
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $1,908 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$1,908

Total received

21

Transactions

4

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Medtronic, Inc.$1,790
Biosense Webster, Inc.$57.27
Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc.$41.34
Boston Scientific Corporation$19.22

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 81th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Jordana Kron do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Robert Levitt, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1700959459
7702 E PARHAM RD, SUITE 106, Richmond, VA 23294(804) 346-2070
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $3,753 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$3,753

Total received

90

Transactions

29

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Abbott Laboratories$1,640
Edwards Lifesciences Corporation$372.15
Medtronic, Inc.$253.48
Cardiovascular Systems Inc.$195.65
ShockWave Medical, Inc$157.05
Amgen Inc.$139.82

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 86th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Robert Levitt do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Barnett Gibbs, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1679634869
7603 FOREST AVENUE, SUITE 202, Richmond, VA 23229(804) 288-0134
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $1,520 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$1,520

Total received

23

Transactions

16

Paying companies

Top paying companies

ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)$1,094
Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc.$94.99
Novo Nordisk Inc$42.65
AtriCure, Inc.$42.62
iRhythm Technologies, Inc.$34.15
Philips North America LLC$33.45

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 79th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Barnett Gibbs do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Zachary Gertz, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1457414849
1200 E BROAD ST, 5TH FLOOR WEST 529-B, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-0325
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $9,055 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$9,055

Total received

15

Transactions

4

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Edwards Lifesciences Corporation$4,399
Abbott Laboratories$4,354
Medtronic, Inc.$168.02
Boston Scientific Corporation$134.35

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 90% of that group — among the highest recipients.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Zachary Gertz do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Keyur Shah, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

19 yrs NPPES
NPI 1396886362
1250 E MARSHALL STREET, Richmond,, VA 23298(804) 828-9690
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $27,694 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$27,694

Total received

26

Transactions

8

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Pfizer Inc.$25,083
ABIOMED$1,132
Abbott Laboratories$888.81
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.$276.67
Boston Scientific Corporation$138.38
NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION$107.91

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 94% of that group — among the highest recipients.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Keyur Shah do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Edward Lesnefsky, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

19 yrs NPPES
NPI 1114069184
1250 E MARSHALL STREET, INTERNAL MEDICINE, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-9198
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Christine Browning, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

19 yrs NPPES
NPI 1093939852
8006 DISCOVERY DR STE 300, Richmond, VA 23229(804) 495-2299
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $1,403 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$1,403

Total received

41

Transactions

16

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Abbott Laboratories$326.79
NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION$189.60
Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc.$181.78
Kestra Medical Technology Services, Inc.$135.56
Amgen Inc.$123.74
Novo Nordisk Inc$99.37

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 78th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Christine Browning do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Hem Bhardwaj, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

19 yrs NPPES
NPI 1417164633
1250 E MARSHALL ST, INTERNAL MEDICINE, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-9206
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Aalya Crowl, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

19 yrs NPPES
NPI 1538376454
5875 BREMO RD STE 104, Richmond, VA 23226(804) 282-2685
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $876.72 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$876.72

Total received

46

Transactions

13

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc.$173.14
NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION$155.09
Amgen Inc.$152.24
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc$105.70
Pfizer Inc.$48.60
Philips North America LLC$44.94

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 71th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Aalya Crowl do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Darryn Appleton, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

19 yrs NPPES
NPI 1740497007
5875 BREMO RD STE 104, Richmond, VA 23226(804) 282-2685
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $503.73 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$503.73

Total received

22

Transactions

17

Paying companies

Top paying companies

ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)$77.15
Novo Nordisk Inc$63.93
Medtronic, Inc.$58.53
scPharmaceuticals Inc.$29.31
Daiichi Sankyo Inc.$28.74
Amgen Inc.$26.41

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 64th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Darryn Appleton do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Jonathan Potfay, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

19 yrs NPPES
NPI 1487857934
1250 E MARSHALL ST, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-9783
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Jayanthi Koneru, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

19 yrs NPPES
NPI 1760682512
1250 E MARSHALL ST, INTERNAL MEDICINE, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 628-0147
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $22,570 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$22,570

Total received

56

Transactions

9

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Boston Scientific Corporation$16,750
Medtronic, Inc.$3,210
Abbott Laboratories$1,634
Medical Device Business Services, Inc.$675.00
Biosense Webster, Inc.$104.69
AtriCure, Inc.$79.30

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 93% of that group — among the highest recipients.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Jayanthi Koneru do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Christopher Thomas, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

17 yrs NPPES
NPI 1891921557
5875 BREMO RD, SUITE 505, Richmond, VA 23226(804) 282-2685
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $984.91 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$984.91

Total received

48

Transactions

18

Paying companies

Top paying companies

NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION$251.36
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc$156.47
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$68.60
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.$67.26
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)$63.71
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP$59.13

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 73th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Christopher Thomas do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Jeremy Turlington, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

17 yrs NPPES
NPI 1942437801
1250 E MARSHALL ST, IM: CARD: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-9989
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Harsimran Saini, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

17 yrs NPPES
NPI 1619105061
7611 FOREST AVE STE 100A, Richmond, VA 23229(804) 288-4827
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $1,167 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$1,167

Total received

31

Transactions

13

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Boston Scientific Corporation$538.88
Abbott Laboratories$255.92
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$89.82
Medtronic, Inc.$78.45
AtriCure, Inc.$44.76
CARDIVA MEDICAL, INC.$33.86

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 75th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Harsimran Saini do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Tiziano Scarabelli, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

17 yrs NPPES
NPI 1346479904
417 N 11TH ST, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-8491
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $70.88 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$70.88

Total received

2

Transactions

2

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Pfizer Inc.$48.38
Boston Scientific Corporation$22.50

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 43th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Tiziano Scarabelli do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Abdullah Khan, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

16 yrs NPPES
NPI 1528377850
9131 STONY POINT PKWY APT 3104, Richmond, VA 23235(678) 612-0138
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $165.42 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$165.42

Total received

7

Transactions

2

Paying companies

Top paying companies

ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)$148.17
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP$17.25

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 50th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Abdullah Khan do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. John Posenau, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

15 yrs NPPES
NPI 1730479528
7611 FOREST AVE STE 100A, Richmond, VA 23229(804) 288-4827
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $555.30 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$555.30

Total received

18

Transactions

15

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Medtronic, Inc.$257.70
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP$30.47
AtriCure, Inc.$28.30
CARDIVA MEDICAL, INC.$27.21
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$26.77
Genzyme Corporation$23.78

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 65th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to John Posenau do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Cory Trankle, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

14 yrs NPPES
NPI 1992066583
1300 E MARSHALL ST, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-8185
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Jonah Pozen, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

13 yrs NPPES
NPI 1982040341
1250 E MARSHALL ST, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-0192
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Peter Riley, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

11 yrs NPPES
NPI 1154709566
8700 STONY POINT PKWY STE 120, Richmond, VA 23235(804) 323-5011
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $1,641 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$1,641

Total received

26

Transactions

13

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Abbott Laboratories$635.20
NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION$179.48
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.$154.05
Kestra Medical Technology Services, Inc.$135.56
Medtronic, Inc.$126.01
ShockWave Medical, Inc$118.50

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 80th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Peter Riley do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Anurag Mehta, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

11 yrs NPPES
NPI 1023490307
1250 E MARSHALL ST, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-7303
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $5,938 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$5,938

Total received

5

Transactions

4

Paying companies

Top paying companies

NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION$5,808
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.$90.98
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC$19.81
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc$19.16

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Anurag Mehta do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Jacob Blackwell, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

9 yrs NPPES
NPI 1447782420
5801 BREMO RD, Richmond, VA 23226(804) 285-2011
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· $22,374 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$22,374

Total received

59

Transactions

7

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Abbott Laboratories$8,937
Boston Scientific Corporation$8,468
Medtronic, Inc.$4,187
Biosense Webster, Inc.$370.51
Medical Device Business Services, Inc.$233.05
BIOTRONIK INC.$121.76

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 93% of that group — among the highest recipients.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Jacob Blackwell do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Chadd Lee, MD

Cardiovascular Disease

9 yrs NPPES
NPI 1861927766
1250 E MARSHALL ST, BOX 980509, Richmond, VA 23298(804) 828-9726
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $5,047 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$5,047

Total received

5

Transactions

2

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Novo Nordisk Inc$4,914
iRhythm Technologies, Inc.$133.20

Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 88th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.

Payments to Chadd Lee do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

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