Doctors in Houston, TX
13909 physicians listed in the NPPES public registry. Page 151 of 232.
NPPES tenure ≠ clinical experience. "Years on NPPES" is time since the physician first registered a National Provider Identifier, not time practicing medicine. Verify current license status with the state medical board.
Dr. Rezwan Ahmed, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $1,239 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,239
Total received
6
Transactions
4
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 93% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Rezwan Ahmed do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Shervin Harandi, MD
Anesthesiology
CMS Open Payments· $875.17 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$875.17
Total received
44
Transactions
10
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 62,108 anesthesiology doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $64 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 97% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US anesthesiology doctors.
Payments to Shervin Harandi do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Caneita Bosley, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Elise Lofton, MD
Anesthesiology
CMS Open Payments· $26.70 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$26.70
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 62,108 anesthesiology doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $64 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 79th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US anesthesiology doctors.
Payments to Elise Lofton do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Jaspreet Lamba, MD
Anesthesiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Alexander Yudovich, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Aderonke Adefisayo, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Amir Faraji, MD
Neurological Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $8,098 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$8,098
Total received
56
Transactions
11
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 8,465 neurological surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 62% received any industry payment (median $654 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 87th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US neurological surgery doctors.
Payments to Amir Faraji do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Victor Escobar, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $2,292 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$2,292
Total received
95
Transactions
15
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 98% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Victor Escobar do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Ezinne Lawson, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Bradley Eisemann, MD
Cardiothoracic Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $1,099 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,099
Total received
19
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 2,660 cardiothoracic surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $331 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 84th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiothoracic surgery doctors.
Payments to Bradley Eisemann do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Ummesalama Manaqibwala, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $27.59 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$27.59
Total received
2
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 77th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Ummesalama Manaqibwala do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Krishanthan Vigneswaran, MD
Neurological Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $464.10 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$464.10
Total received
13
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 8,465 neurological surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 62% received any industry payment (median $654 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 66th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US neurological surgery doctors.
Payments to Krishanthan Vigneswaran do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Elizabeth Jacobi, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· $33.08 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$33.08
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,988 anatomic & clinical pathology doctors we've analyzed, about 17% received any industry payment (median $71 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US anatomic & clinical pathology doctors.
Payments to Elizabeth Jacobi do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Eric Salazar, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· $115,732 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$115,732
Total received
5
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,988 anatomic & clinical pathology doctors we've analyzed, about 17% received any industry payment (median $71 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 100% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US anatomic & clinical pathology doctors.
Payments to Eric Salazar do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Melissa Darjean, MD
Anesthesiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Boyu Hu, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $434,163 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$434,163
Total received
36
Transactions
9
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 100% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Boyu Hu do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Daniel Maland, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Diana Liang, MD
Surgery
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Aaron Assefaw, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Lin Dai, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Ihuoma Nwogu, MD
Preventive Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Meng Huang, MD
Neurological Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $40,034 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$40,034
Total received
47
Transactions
18
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 8,465 neurological surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 62% received any industry payment (median $654 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 94% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US neurological surgery doctors.
Payments to Meng Huang do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Alberto Pieretti, MD
Urology
CMS Open Payments· $839.91 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$839.91
Total received
17
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,930 urology doctors we've analyzed, about 65% received any industry payment (median $618 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 73th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US urology doctors.
Payments to Alberto Pieretti do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. John Liu, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $192.68 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$192.68
Total received
2
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 70,367 emergency medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 18% received any industry payment (median $60 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 96% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US emergency medicine doctors.
Payments to John Liu do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Rui Chen, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Andres Avellaneda Ojeda, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Sergio Klimkowski, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Elizabeth Park, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Lydia Lee, MD
Orthopaedic Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $2,212 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$2,212
Total received
19
Transactions
10
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 28,855 orthopaedic surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $545 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 82th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US orthopaedic surgery doctors.
Payments to Lydia Lee do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Wallis Molchen, DO
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Alejandro Garbino, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Madiha Khan, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· $121.30 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$121.30
Total received
2
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 57,336 psychiatry doctors we've analyzed, about 24% received any industry payment (median $180 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 86th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US psychiatry doctors.
Payments to Madiha Khan do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Rehman Sheikh, MD
Gastroenterology
CMS Open Payments· $682.74 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$682.74
Total received
20
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 17,272 gastroenterology doctors we've analyzed, about 63% received any industry payment (median $623 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 70th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US gastroenterology doctors.
Payments to Rehman Sheikh do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Dana Bradley, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Lauren Pace, DO
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Thomas Brooks, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Charles Hebenstreit, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $656.62 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$656.62
Total received
36
Transactions
5
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 90% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Charles Hebenstreit do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Ijeoma Akunyili, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Sarah Shafer, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Mary Tocco, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $185.05 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$185.05
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 70,367 emergency medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 18% received any industry payment (median $60 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 96% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US emergency medicine doctors.
Payments to Mary Tocco do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Miriam Garcia, DO
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $25.68 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$25.68
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 76th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Miriam Garcia do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Wen Yang, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $495.47 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$495.47
Total received
20
Transactions
13
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 88th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Wen Yang do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Zhenjian Cai, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Salman Rahman, MD
Ophthalmology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. An Dinh, DO
Neurology
CMS Open Payments· $30.13 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$30.13
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 22,669 neurology doctors we've analyzed, about 51% received any industry payment (median $640 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 53th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US neurology doctors.
Payments to An Dinh do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Cristin Mathew, DO
Orthopaedic Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $36,522 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$36,522
Total received
104
Transactions
17
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 28,855 orthopaedic surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $545 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 95% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US orthopaedic surgery doctors.
Payments to Cristin Mathew do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Daniel Patterson, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Tianshi Wu, MD
Pulmonary Disease
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Bryan Tucker, DO
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Brandi Scully, MD
Surgery
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Joseph Knadler, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $21.20 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$21.20
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 75th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Joseph Knadler do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Christina Smith, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Ray Hwong, MD
Anesthesiology
CMS Open Payments· $179.86 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$179.86
Total received
2
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 62,108 anesthesiology doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $64 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 92% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US anesthesiology doctors.
Payments to Ray Hwong do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Amy Vyas, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Sonali Sen, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Shama Shah, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Maen Abdelrahim, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $435,407 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$435,407
Total received
137
Transactions
22
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 100% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Maen Abdelrahim do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Bac Nguyen, MD
Ophthalmology
CMS Open Payments· $59,357 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$59,357
Total received
158
Transactions
9
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 23,451 ophthalmology doctors we've analyzed, about 60% received any industry payment (median $348 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 97% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US ophthalmology doctors.
Payments to Bac Nguyen do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.