Doctors in Loveland, CO
283 physicians listed in the NPPES public registry. Page 3 of 5.
NPPES tenure ≠ clinical experience. "Years on NPPES" is time since the physician first registered a National Provider Identifier, not time practicing medicine. Verify current license status with the state medical board.
Dr. Elizabeth Rose, DO
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Ingrid Rule, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Rachel Konda-Sundheim, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. David Blatt, MD
Neurological Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $65.63 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$65.63
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 8,465 neurological surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 62% received any industry payment (median $654 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 46th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US neurological surgery doctors.
Payments to David Blatt do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Mitchell Janasek, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $311.46 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$311.46
Total received
15
Transactions
6
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 88th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Mitchell Janasek do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Mckay Marler, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Catherine Egan, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $48.52 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$48.52
Total received
2
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 75th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Catherine Egan do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Marc-Andre Chimonas, MD
Preventive Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Jeffrey Warren, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· $40.80 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$40.80
Total received
2
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 57,336 psychiatry doctors we've analyzed, about 24% received any industry payment (median $180 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 81th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US psychiatry doctors.
Payments to Jeffrey Warren do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Michael Smith, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· $25.14 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$25.14
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,988 anatomic & clinical pathology doctors we've analyzed, about 17% received any industry payment (median $71 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 88th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US anatomic & clinical pathology doctors.
Payments to Michael Smith do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Warren Dorlac, MD
Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $152,118 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$152,118
Total received
7
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 39,537 surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 52% received any industry payment (median $305 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 100% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US surgery doctors.
Payments to Warren Dorlac do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Sean Caufield, MD
Gastroenterology
CMS Open Payments· $1,254 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,254
Total received
63
Transactions
15
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 17,272 gastroenterology doctors we've analyzed, about 63% received any industry payment (median $623 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 78th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US gastroenterology doctors.
Payments to Sean Caufield do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Jeremiah Andersen, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Alicia Feldman, MD
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
CMS Open Payments· $1,074 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,074
Total received
20
Transactions
6
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 15,884 physical medicine & rehabilitation doctors we've analyzed, about 27% received any industry payment (median $149 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 96% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US physical medicine & rehabilitation doctors.
Payments to Alicia Feldman do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Patrick Quigley, MD
Preventive Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Christian Pariseau, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Victoria Moffatt, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Matt Mclaughlin, MD
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Brent Peters, MD
Pulmonary Disease
CMS Open Payments· $14.15 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$14.15
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,317 pulmonary disease doctors we've analyzed, about 54% received any industry payment (median $474 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 46th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pulmonary disease doctors.
Payments to Brent Peters do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Srinivas Bandi, MD
Neurology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Ann Davies, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Christy Young, MD
Neurology
CMS Open Payments· $7,296 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$7,296
Total received
10
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 22,669 neurology doctors we've analyzed, about 51% received any industry payment (median $640 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US neurology doctors.
Payments to Christy Young do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. James Mccarthy, MD
Plastic Surgery
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. James Mcreynolds, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Warren Schutte, MD
Plastic Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $246.83 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$246.83
Total received
6
Transactions
4
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 5,676 plastic surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 63% received any industry payment (median $311 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 65th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US plastic surgery doctors.
Payments to Warren Schutte do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Jennifer Weitenberner, MD
Anesthesiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Cristina Mclaughlin, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· $24.22 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$24.22
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,988 anatomic & clinical pathology doctors we've analyzed, about 17% received any industry payment (median $71 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 88th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US anatomic & clinical pathology doctors.
Payments to Cristina Mclaughlin do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Shadia Alam, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Holly Mccoppin, MD
Dermatology
CMS Open Payments· $1,364 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,364
Total received
61
Transactions
19
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,166 dermatology doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $642 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 79th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US dermatology doctors.
Payments to Holly Mccoppin do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Dana Anglund, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Gregory Golden, DO
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $10.07 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$10.07
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 63th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Gregory Golden do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Christopher Mitchell, MD
Surgery
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Brett Masayesva, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Jennifer Reeve, MD
Obstetrics & Gynecology
CMS Open Payments· $365.30 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$365.30
Total received
17
Transactions
9
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 47,072 obstetrics & gynecology doctors we've analyzed, about 47% received any industry payment (median $178 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 86th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US obstetrics & gynecology doctors.
Payments to Jennifer Reeve do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Thomas Corson, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $9.85 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$9.85
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 70,367 emergency medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 18% received any industry payment (median $60 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 82th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US emergency medicine doctors.
Payments to Thomas Corson do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Ana Negron, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Sonya Wakil, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· $250.67 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$250.67
Total received
11
Transactions
5
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 57,336 psychiatry doctors we've analyzed, about 24% received any industry payment (median $180 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 90% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US psychiatry doctors.
Payments to Sonya Wakil do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Deborah Martin, MD
General Practice
CMS Open Payments· $170,556 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$170,556
Total received
49
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,209 general practice doctors we've analyzed, about 25% received any industry payment (median $145 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 99% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US general practice doctors.
Payments to Deborah Martin do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Julie Hoffmann, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Bridget Brown, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Craig Nerby, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· $56.89 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$56.89
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,988 anatomic & clinical pathology doctors we've analyzed, about 17% received any industry payment (median $71 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 91% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US anatomic & clinical pathology doctors.
Payments to Craig Nerby do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. James Mockler, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $16.34 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$16.34
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 67th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to James Mockler do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Venugopal Damerla, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $220.85 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$220.85
Total received
5
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 82th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Venugopal Damerla do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Alan Lembitz, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Edward Grosboll, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Nathan Swartz, MD
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
CMS Open Payments· $96.76 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$96.76
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 15,884 physical medicine & rehabilitation doctors we've analyzed, about 27% received any industry payment (median $149 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 83th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US physical medicine & rehabilitation doctors.
Payments to Nathan Swartz do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Deric Mcintosh, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Christopher Jones, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Mark Auble, MD
Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $83.36 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$83.36
Total received
4
Transactions
4
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 39,537 surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 52% received any industry payment (median $305 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 59th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US surgery doctors.
Payments to Mark Auble do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Crystal North, DO
Gastroenterology
CMS Open Payments· $107.26 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$107.26
Total received
5
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 17,272 gastroenterology doctors we've analyzed, about 63% received any industry payment (median $623 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 48th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US gastroenterology doctors.
Payments to Crystal North do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Kurt Strom, MD
Urology
CMS Open Payments· $314.12 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$314.12
Total received
8
Transactions
5
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,930 urology doctors we've analyzed, about 65% received any industry payment (median $618 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 58th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US urology doctors.
Payments to Kurt Strom do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Regina Bower, MD
Neurological Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $65.63 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$65.63
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 8,465 neurological surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 62% received any industry payment (median $654 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 46th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US neurological surgery doctors.
Payments to Regina Bower do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Carlo Valentino, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Kevin Felix, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Nathan Johnston, DO
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Richard Owings, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Daniel Long, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Hadley Trotter, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Sindhura Trivedi, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $455.17 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$455.17
Total received
3
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 87th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Sindhura Trivedi do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.