DoctorsProofNPPES directory · verify at state boards

Doctors in Fulton, NY

37 physicians listed in the NPPES public registry.

NPPES tenure ≠ clinical experience. "Years on NPPES" is time since the physician first registered a National Provider Identifier, not time practicing medicine. Verify current license status with the state medical board.

Verify a license at the New York State Board for Professional Medical Conduct

Dr. Karl Hafner, MD

Family Medicine

21 yrs NPPES
NPI 1235132655
98 N 2ND ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-1220
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· $300.00 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$300.00

Total received

1

Transactions

1

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Eli Lilly and Company$300.00

Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 87th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.

Payments to Karl Hafner do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Angelo Porcari, MD

Internal Medicine

21 yrs NPPES
NPI 1427055789
361 S 4TH ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-5373
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Rajeev Saini, MD

Internal Medicine

21 yrs NPPES
NPI 1447259403
21 N 2ND ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-7105
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $174.88 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$174.88

Total received

9

Transactions

6

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Amgen Inc.$45.82
AbbVie Inc.$44.99
Novo Nordisk Inc$40.64
Astellas Pharma US Inc$16.86
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC.$13.66
Pfizer Inc.$12.91

Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 81th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.

Payments to Rajeev Saini do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Alicia Bair, MD

Hematology & Oncology

21 yrs NPPES
NPI 1750376372
21 N 2ND ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-7105
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $146.41 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$146.41

Total received

4

Transactions

4

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.$89.95
Amgen Inc.$23.99
AbbVie Inc.$19.57
Pfizer Inc.$12.90

Among the 11,711 hematology & oncology doctors we've analyzed, about 62% received any industry payment (median $1,465 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 51th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US hematology & oncology doctors.

Payments to Alicia Bair do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Sanjeev Verma, MD

Emergency Medicine

21 yrs NPPES
NPI 1669469912
510 S 4TH ST, AL LEE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 591-9400
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Gary Bozeman, MD

Urology

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1659348514
806 W BROADWAY, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 297-4700
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $1,123 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$1,123

Total received

58

Transactions

17

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Astellas Pharma US Inc$257.13
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc.$159.16
180 Medical, Inc.$92.73
AbbVie Inc.$77.19
Pfizer Inc.$66.52
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.$60.20

Among the 13,930 urology doctors we've analyzed, about 65% received any industry payment (median $618 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 77th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US urology doctors.

Payments to Gary Bozeman do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. John Ayres, MD

Orthopaedic Surgery

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1619938784
510 SOUTH FORTH STREET, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 349-5873
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Michael Diaz, DO

Orthopaedic Surgery

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1780646216
510 SOUTH FORTH STREET, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 349-5873
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $1,577 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$1,577

Total received

9

Transactions

3

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Smith+Nephew, Inc.$1,534
Stryker Corporation$26.60
Pacira Pharmaceuticals Incorporated$17.01

Among the 28,855 orthopaedic surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $545 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 78th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US orthopaedic surgery doctors.

Payments to Michael Diaz do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Richard Koehler, MD

Emergency Medicine

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1073575023
510 SOUTH 4TH STREET, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 592-3510
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Joselito Ouano, MD

Family Medicine

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1831152578
522 S 4TH ST, SUITE 1700, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 592-3930
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $418.58 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$418.58

Total received

24

Transactions

12

Paying companies

Top paying companies

AbbVie Inc.$93.03
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC.$85.73
Pfizer Inc.$59.15
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC$29.68
Exact Sciences Corporation$27.00
Abbott Laboratories$22.93

Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.

Payments to Joselito Ouano do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Dilip Roy, MD

Family Medicine

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1821037508
941 S 1ST ST, FASTCARE FAMILY MEDICAL, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 593-7128
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Yves Lafond, MD

Internal Medicine

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1164467031
451 SOUTH 4TH STREET, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-5795
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $89.64 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$89.64

Total received

1

Transactions

1

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc$89.64

Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 75th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.

Payments to Yves Lafond do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Sanjay Ramachandran, MD

Emergency Medicine

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1508892498
522 SOUTH FOURTH ST STE 500, FULTON HEALTH CENTER, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-4790
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Marie Castillo-Alcasid, MD

Internal Medicine

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1124135025
522 S 4TH ST, SUITE 500, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-4740
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $15.71 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$15.71

Total received

1

Transactions

1

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc$15.71

Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 64th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.

Payments to Marie Castillo-Alcasid do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Marie-Jeanne Desravines, MD

Family Medicine

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1285741199
522 S 4TH ST, SUITE 500, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-4740
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $137.61 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$137.61

Total received

2

Transactions

1

Paying companies

Top paying companies

GlaxoSmithKline, LLC.$137.61

Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 82th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.

Payments to Marie-Jeanne Desravines do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Farzana Chaudhary, MD

Pediatrics

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1912006883
510 S 4TH ST, SUITE 600, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-4790
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· $220.37 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$220.37

Total received

4

Transactions

1

Paying companies

Top paying companies

GlaxoSmithKline, LLC.$220.37

Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 92% of that group — among the highest recipients.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.

Payments to Farzana Chaudhary do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Vandana Patil, MD

Family Medicine

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1285735027
522 S 4TH ST STE 1700, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 592-3930
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $711.90 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$711.90

Total received

42

Transactions

8

Paying companies

Top paying companies

GlaxoSmithKline, LLC.$226.54
Novo Nordisk Inc$171.81
Lilly USA, LLC$85.89
Abbott Laboratories$76.41
Exact Sciences Corporation$56.48
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP$48.74

Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 93% of that group — among the highest recipients.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.

Payments to Vandana Patil do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. James Campbell, MD

Pediatrics

20 yrs NPPES
NPI 1235202557
63 S 1ST ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-6700
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Stuart Trust, DO

Pediatrics

19 yrs NPPES
NPI 1104973833
63 SOUTH FIRST ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-6785
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Felix Oben, MD

Urology

19 yrs NPPES
NPI 1225179575
17 S 1ST ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 592-7375
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Dennis Mullaney, MD

Emergency Medicine

19 yrs NPPES
NPI 1740476415
510 S 4TH ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 591-9442
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Richard Thompson, MD

General Practice

19 yrs NPPES
NPI 1205015724
510 S 4TH ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 591-9847
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Esther Lubinga, MD

Family Medicine

18 yrs NPPES
NPI 1760658512
20 CANALVIEW MALL, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-1237
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $414.86 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$414.86

Total received

24

Transactions

9

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Novo Nordisk Inc$73.00
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC.$60.71
Lundbeck LLC$60.45
AbbVie Inc.$56.68
Astellas Pharma US Inc$55.80
Lilly USA, LLC$35.41

Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.

Payments to Esther Lubinga do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Sarah Finocchiaro, MD

Pediatrics

18 yrs NPPES
NPI 1619130671
909 W 1ST ST S, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-6785
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Scott Daniels, MD

Psychiatry

16 yrs NPPES
NPI 1528384930
522 S 4TH ST STE 200, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-7400
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Carla Overton, MD

Pediatrics

15 yrs NPPES
NPI 1912290230
909 W 1ST ST S, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-6785
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Christopher Delaney, MD

Pediatrics

13 yrs NPPES
NPI 1720425002
909 W 1ST ST S, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-6785
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Anne Filipski, MD

Family Medicine

13 yrs NPPES
NPI 1164854865
510 S 4TH ST, SUITE 600, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-4790
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· $35.50 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$35.50

Total received

2

Transactions

2

Paying companies

Top paying companies

GlaxoSmithKline, LLC.$17.93
Exact Sciences Corporation$17.57

Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 73th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.

Payments to Anne Filipski do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Michael Miller, MD

Family Medicine

11 yrs NPPES
NPI 1588045488
510 S 4TH ST STE 600, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 598-4790
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $41.56 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$41.56

Total received

2

Transactions

2

Paying companies

Top paying companies

AbbVie Inc.$23.63
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC.$17.93

Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 74th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.

Payments to Michael Miller do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Andrew Rogall, MD

Family Medicine

10 yrs NPPES
NPI 1689025710
522 S 4TH ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 592-3930
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $421.94 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$421.94

Total received

23

Transactions

11

Paying companies

Top paying companies

AbbVie Inc.$117.23
Lilly USA, LLC$75.92
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC.$68.96
Pfizer Inc.$34.33
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC$29.68
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$18.01

Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.

Payments to Andrew Rogall do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Meaghan Primm, MD

Family Medicine

10 yrs NPPES
NPI 1992259451
522 S 4TH ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 349-5511
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $530.59 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$530.59

Total received

27

Transactions

12

Paying companies

Top paying companies

AbbVie Inc.$117.22
Lilly USA, LLC$75.92
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC.$66.46
Pfizer Inc.$59.15
Advanced Oxygen Therapy Inc.$53.95
Novo Nordisk Inc$35.74

Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 91% of that group — among the highest recipients.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.

Payments to Meaghan Primm do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Cassandra Brown, MD

Pain Medicine

5 yrs NPPES
NPI 1518622299
201 S 2ND ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 297-4018
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Christine Ma, DO

Family Medicine

4 yrs NPPES
NPI 1538806203
98 N 2ND ST STE 101, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 668-1202
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Rachel Lubinga, MD

Family Medicine

4 yrs NPPES
NPI 1922746551
510 S 4TH ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 592-3510
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Shawnna Nye, MD

Internal Medicine

4 yrs NPPES
NPI 1588392930
98 N 2ND ST STE 101, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 668-1202
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $481.85 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$481.85

Total received

25

Transactions

8

Paying companies

Top paying companies

Novo Nordisk Inc$137.83
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC.$111.98
Lilly USA, LLC$71.00
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP$48.74
Exact Sciences Corporation$43.38
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.$23.64

Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 88th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.

Payments to Shawnna Nye do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Dr. Nicole Loveless, MD

Pain Medicine

4 yrs NPPES
NPI 1871216069
201 S 2ND ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 297-4018
NPPES public registry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023

Industry Payments

No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.

Dr. Deanna Dietrich, MD

Emergency Medicine

4 yrs NPPES
NPI 1891404232
501 HANNIBAL ST, Fulton, NY 13069(315) 887-1059
NPPES public registryAccepts Medicare (2024)
CMS Open Payments· $37.57 (2023)

Industry Payments (2023)

Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.

$37.57

Total received

2

Transactions

2

Paying companies

Top paying companies

AngioDynamics, Inc.$20.90
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP$16.67

Among the 70,367 emergency medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 18% received any industry payment (median $60 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.

Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US emergency medicine doctors.

Payments to Deanna Dietrich do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.

Doctors in Fulton, NY — NPPES Registry | DoctorsProof | DoctorsProof